Author: A.T.

If you’re planning to leave some money to charity when you die, and if you have an IRA, consider naming that charity as the beneficiary of your IRA. That will save the income tax your heirs would otherwise have to pay on it. Give your heirs “regular” money from outside your IRA instead — money on which income tax has already been paid. To the charity it won’t make any difference (charities don’t pay taxes); but to your heirs it will.

(One small drawback: with a charity as the beneficiary, you might be required by IRS regulations to withdraw money from the IRA faster, once you turn 70½, than if, say, your spouse were the beneficiary, thus exposing more of it to taxation.)

Tomorrow: How Paul Warburg Asks for $15

Most of you know, if you give money to good works (or tax-deductible works, anyway), you can save a lot of money in taxes by giving appreciated securities instead.

Not only do you get the tax deduction for the gift, you avoid the capital gains tax that otherwise would have been due. In the case of a stock you bought for $4,000 that’s now worth $13,500, you could save $2,660 (28% federal tax on the $9,500 gain), and possibly some local income tax savings as well, by giving the stock instead of cash.

But, as I’ve noted elsewhere, be careful:

• Be certain to have your broker transfer the stock to the charity before she sells it and sends the charity the proceeds. If the stock is held in your name when it’s sold, you pay the tax.

• Be certain you’ve held the shares (or the building, or the van Gogh) at least a year and a day, or the IRS will allow you to deduct only your original cost.

Of course, this doesn’t make sense for small gifts. Apart from the hassle, the commission a charity would have to pay to sell $250 or $500 worth of Microsoft could easily eat up 10% or 15% of the gift. But — as I’ve also noted elsewhere before — if you’re someone who likes to give $250 or $500 a year to several different charities, there’s a solution:

Open an account with the Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund (800-682-4438). Transfer your $13,500 worth of stock to that account, for which you get an immediate charitable deduction, just as if you’d given it to the Red Cross. Then, from time to time, mail or fax instructions to Fidelity. They’ll send out checks on your behalf as small as $250, investing the balance in the meantime in your choice of four different kinds of funds — so you may have even more to give away than you planned.

It’s the poor man’s way to set up a charitable foundation — the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and now Your Foundation. Almost.

Tomorrow: Charity and Your IRA

Believe me, I am major flattered to have NBC News care a whit about my opinion. And I know well that only a few seconds of any interview will make it into a story. But I do think the billionaires got off easy.

If you saw the story Monday night, you know it was a report taking off on Ted Turner’s comments about rich people’s giving. He had said they’re all competitive about their place on the Forbes 400, and that if there were some list of the most charitable, then the really rich would compete to climb that.

So now Slate has compiled the first of what may be many such lists, and the NBC story was playing off that. My two seconds of fame were nondescript at best, and the real issue was how many chins I appeared to have. But I thought I’d mention at least one point a longer story would have covered:

The really interesting thing is that, as I’ve noted before, at all income levels, Americans seem to give about 3% to charity. Which means that the rich are much more generous than the rest of us — 3% of a $5 million annual income is a heck of a lot more than 3% of a $35,000 annual income — at the same time as they are strikingly less so.

My thinking here: 3% is a big chunk of discretionary income when your total pre-tax, pre-rent, pre-food, is $35,000, whereas it bites less deep into a millionaire’s pocket. Naturally. But because the $35,000-a-year family doesn’t itemize deductions, that 3% is really 3%, whereas for a New Yorker or Californian, it is more like 1.6% after-tax. And the $35,000 family probably gives cash, whereas the millionaire gives appreciated securities (stock that’s gone up, held more than a year), which provides yet more of a tax benefit. So you might say that, on a strict after-tax percentage basis, the rich give only about a third as much as the rest of us. And that as a percentage of disposable income, they give almost nothing at all.

Tomorrow: How to Get the Best Tax Break for YOUR Gift Buck

Did you see the recent story on Marriott in Business Week? It talks of the job Marriott does managing its $7 an hour workers. I got to this part and couldn’t help circling it:

“Every day I put on this uniform, just like an NBA player,” proudly proclaims Thong Lee, a bartender who has worked 16 years at the Seattle Marriott. Lee has never forgotten that his boss, Sandy Olson, shut down the hotel laundry where he used to work for a day so the entire staff could attend his mother’s funeral. The gesture earned Lee’s loyalty for life — though the stock options the company offers all employees haven’t hurt, either. Lee, who learned all the English he knows from Marriott, now owns several rental properties funded by his Marriott stock and pay.

Think about THAT the next time you can’t get your tux pressed at the Marriott.

Seriously, it’s a great plug for Marriott, for enlightened capitalism, for the U.S. of A. and, not incidentally, for the power of “uniforms,” which I’d like to see more schools adopt.

I know that when I stick on a jacket and tie, my sense of seriousness and self worth change instantly. I’m not describing it very well, but I think you know the feeling.

And I was fascinated to learn, years ago, in working with a chimpanzee on an industrial film, that chimps just know that when they’re in clothes (my particular chimp was dressed like an investment banker, but it can be any clothes, no matter how dopey) they’re working and better not screw around (or they’ll get knocked, hard, on the noggin). When the workday’s over, the clothes come off and they can play all they want.

Tomorrow: Charity on the Cutting Room Floor

I don’t know if they’re in your neck of the woods, but many of us have heard those ads for Dial-a-Mattress — just dial 800-MATTRES (“and leave the last S off for Saving”). Well, you can put it back on again for “Service.”

I know we’re supposed to be doing all this via Internet, and maybe one day soon it will be “www.mattress.com.”

But the point is, the Dial-a-Mattress folks have done such a good job of drilling that simple concept into our heads, even going so far as to fly their 800-number over the beach in the summer, that they have created a virtual “category-killer store,” like Home Depot or Toys R Us, without the added bother of having an actual store.

Consider:

1:54PM Thanksgiving Eve: I dial 800-MATTRES and leave the second S off, for savings. My call may be monitored to assure customer satisfaction. I describe the kind of mattress I’ve been told to get (what do I know about mattresses?), but explain that it needs to arrive before six.

5:01PM: despite chaotic start-of-holiday New York area traffic, the mattress arrives, and at considerable saving. “What?” I wonder. “Do they have roving tractor trailer warehouses responding like cabs to radio calls for this stuff?” (No, they have a warehouse in the Bronx.)

5:05PM: the old king-sized mattress is out, removed at no extra charge. Lest you think I discard things lightly, I might explain that this mattress had seen 17 years’ service. “Turning it over” — my bright idea earlier that day, when some of the loose spring wires had inflicted a couple of particularly painful puncture wounds — had not done the trick. “Over” was even worse, leading me to think that I must have gone through that same exercise a decade ago and just forgotten.

5:06PM: the new one is in.

5:07PM: I’m worried. You have heard of single and double and queen size and king size mattresses? This is a king of the mountain size mattress. It has so much pillowy padding on the top and the bottom, and so much who-knows-what-inside (for the price, despite the Savings, I’m guessing some kind of fuel-injected shock absorbers), it’s made the bed a foot taller than it was before.

Not that I get a lot of say in these matters (no anagram intended), but I’m thinking: vertigo. I’m thinking: protective fencing. I’m thinking: is this really what we had in mind?

5:08PM: the Dial-a-Mattress guys are gone, with a $20 tip I thought appropriate to the season.

That night: we hate it.

Thanksgiving, post-parade: We have decided that embarrassment alone is insufficient reason to spend the next 17 years in fitful sleep. Even money is insufficient reason. Surely, though out of its plastic and slept on, this mattress can be returned or exchanged for some kind of re-stocking fee. On a lark — it’s Thanksgiving — I call 1-800-MATTRES (leaving the last S off for saving) and am dumb-founded to find a human on the first ring.

I explain the situation, beginning by saying, “it’s entirely our fault” (which it clearly was).

“Oh!” said the nice customer rep apologetically, “didn’t anyone tell you about our 30-day comfort exchange policy?”

So I’m here to tell you, first, that if flipping your mattress after 17 years doesn’t do the trick, you might want to give Dial-a-Mattress a shot. But, second, that it’s not just the quality of the products we buy that’s getting better, it’s the quality — at least in many cases (I’m sure you’ll point out the exceptions, as I will too) — of the services.

Lest I tout these folks too highly, I should point out two details of their otherwise saintly exchange policy: first, they do ask you to “sleep on it” for 14 days before exchanging. Second, they give no refund if you switch to a cheaper mattress, as our replacement, sans fuel-injected shock absorbers, can only be. So I guess we’ll be paying a few hundred bucks for our stupidity after all.

PS – Want some advice from a guy who really knows how to sleep? Just get your basic firm cheap mattress. And don’t sell short or buy on margin.

From a reader by the e-name of AASLCS (whatever that stands for): “Okay, in an up market the evidence is clear about just riding an index fund. But what about those funds Forbes rates as an ‘A’ in down markets? I think American Funds’ New Perspective is one of them. Do you think they can do better than the index when the market falls?”

Yes. The problem is in knowing when the market is going to fall.

Index funds will always do just about the same as — a little worse than, because of expenses — the underlying index they’re meant to mimic. So in an up market, aggressive funds will often outperform them (but not always, by any means, given the much higher expense ratios of the aggressive funds), and in a down market, conservative funds will often fall less far (but not always, because although they are more conservative, they are also more heavily weighed down by expenses and fees).

As for New Perspective (800-421-4120), it has a good Morningstar rating, but to my mind a huge handicap in that it sports a 5.75% load.

One reason it does relatively well in down markets is that it’s a global fund — much of its money is in European stocks, which only sometimes act the same way as US stocks. And as compared with other global funds, its weightings in riskier Latin American and Asian countries tend to be quite light — so you’d expect the ups to be less up and the downs to be less down. Another reason: it’s a large fund that tends to invest in large US and foreign companies — which rise less in up markets and fall less in down markets.

One plus in being large is a relatively low expense ratio. Expenses are spread over a lot of money ($10 billion or so). But that 5.75% load is tough to justify. Yes, $10,000 invested in New Perspectives 15 years ago would have grown to more than $80,000 — but that’s still a shade less than had it been invested in the Standard & Poor’s 500 all that time, or about the same as an index fund with no load.

Why would you pay $575 to invest $10,000 and get the same likely return as you could investing it “for free?”

If you feel pretty certain the market is headed down, New Perspective may well head down less. (It has a beta of +.9, meaning that it’s likely to rise or fall only about nine-tenths as much as the market rises or falls.) But unless you sell at roughly the bottom, you’ll also do less well on the way back up. And if you do sell at roughly the bottom, switching to some other, more aggressive fund, you may not have held New Perspective long enough to trivialize that 5.75% load. (Sell a week after you buy, and it’s a killer; sell 40 years from now, and it will make an only trivial difference.)

How’s that for more than you ever wanted to know about the New Perspective fund?

I called to wish a friend a happy half century and was dismayed to find him at work. At work on his fiftieth birthday?

“I was home most of the day.”

“Oh. Were you sleeping-in when I called?” (I had first called at home that morning.)

“I was at my shrink.”

Perfect.

Monday: New Perspective: Fund for a Down Market?

You can easily have all you want by not wanting much. You can’t possibly have all you want by making more money.

And isn’t “want” the most intriguing word? It means lack (“For want of a nail the shoe is lost, for want of a shoe the horse is lost, for want of a horse the rider is lost” – George Herbert, 1651) and it means wish for – which are so often one in the same.

But we don’t want (wish for) the things we don’t know we want (lack) – hence the importance of advertising and the scary power of “Dallas” reruns in the Third World.

And “want” is only sometimes synonymous with “need.” Sure, for lack of a nail – but how about for lack of a Sea-Doo?

The miraculous thing about this country is that almost everybody has food, clothing, shelter, and extraordinary devices undreamed of until a moment ago in human history: radios, telephones, color televisions, cars, radios in their cars – even enough dough to fly across the country once a year, if they plan ahead and stay over a Saturday. I speak here not just of the great middle class. This list pertains to most (sadly not all) lower-income Americans as well.

I consider myself blessed that, in material terms, I don’t want (lack) anything, and don’t even really want much. (My friends will tell you this is just a lack of taste. They marvel at my satisfaction with mid-priced cars and mail-order clothes.)

How might you become similarly blessed? Well, maybe you already are. Or maybe you will decide that not having to strive for stuff you don’t need is the greatest luxury of all.

Happy Thanksgiving.

Friday: Turning 50

I love American Airlines, I really do. And I am addicted to frequent flier miles, I really am. But it’s not a bad thing every once in a while to take a peak at the competition.

Here was the scoop. A friend with a $181 round-trip ticket American Airlines from New York to Miami and back around Thanksgiving (the power of planning ahead) needed to come back unexpectedly early — Monday instead of Tuesday. The best he could do on American was use the $181 round-trip to come down, but then buy a one-way full-fare coach ticket to return — and that ticket cost $622. Oops, no, when we went to reserve it the computer gave a $528 price. But still: $528 for a flight at some ungodly hour of the morning.

On a whim, unaccustomed as my fingers are to doing it, I dialed Pan Am’s 800-359-7262 number. No frequent flier miles there. Maybe I was able to do this because I was making arrangements for my friend, so there’d be no frequent flier miles in it for me anyway. Even so, my fingers felt oddly wooden — and I expected the worst. A long wait on hold, a reservationist about whom I’d have instant reservations, and then the news that everything was already booked, you idiot — we’re talking about the day after Thanksgiving weekend!

Instead the phone was answered (by a human) on the first ring and we got a First Class aisle seat, coach being sold out, for $231. And at a civilized time of day.

Now you’re thinking that as between coach for $528 at dawn’s early light on American, and First Class for $231 at noon on Pan Am, you’d go with American to get the miles. I probably would, too. But because I was doing all this for a friend, the frequent-flier spell seemed to have been lifted, if only momentarily, and I took the leap. I booked Pan Am. (And, no, it’s not a DC-3, it’s an Airbus 300.)

Tomorrow: Thanksgiving Thoughts: What Do You Want?

“I checked EVERYTHING out,” writes 24-year-old Doug Bross, who’s made a business out of finding people the best deals on phone service, and who scoffed at the cheapie service I reported on a few months ago. “Dime-line, by VarTec, charges a 3 minute MINIMUM. (I.e., get an answering machine, pay 30 cents.) WealthCom is 6-second billing increments, 6-second minimum, and a 3.50 monthly account fee (no matter how many residential or business lines per account, it’s $3.50). Take a look, and feel free to call me, because there is high income potential based on referrals.”

Hey, Doug pays for the calls — 800-956-9241 — so I called to find out if he’s still in business (he is) and whether he still likes WealthCom. He does, but says they’re swamped with new business, because it’s a multi-level marketing thing, so if you’re looking for customer service, this may not be the long-distance carrier for you.

Doug represents no fewer than eight discount long-distance companies, and tries to match you with the one that best suits your calling habits.

I call long distance a lot within the U.S., and my main overseas calls are to Russia, I told him. He said WealthCom might not be the best — their Russia rates are pretty high.

“Is CTS Telecom one of the eight you represent?” I asked, trying to show off. (I had that morning gotten a thing in the mail from CTS, with stickers to paste on my phone, hoping I would preface my calls with 10834, thus to by-pass AT&T and be billed by CTS at a lower rate.)

It wasn’t, and when I told him their rates — 9 cents a minute 24 hours a day, one-minute increments, a flat $4.95/month “access fee,” and 69 cents a minute to Russia — he seemed a bit unnerved. To a guy in the discount telecom wars, it was as if I had just launched a surprise attack. Which I really hadn’t meant to do, because he sounded like a nice young guy. I gave him CTS’s number — 800-569-8700 — and I wouldn’t be surprised if, by the time you read this, Doug is representing nine low-cost carriers.

I’m not saying you should switch to CTS — that $4.95/month access charge can turn your 9-cent-a-minute rate into a 19-cent-a-minute rate if you use only 50 minutes of long distance time in a given month, and it’s a hassle to dial those extra numbers, and AT&T gives me a lot of frequent flier miles and all the rest. But especially if you make a lot of international calls, it would seem to be worth trying. According to the CTS chart, you’ll knock 50% to 75% off the cost of those calls compared with AT&T, MCI and Sprint basic rates — e.g., $3.90 for a ten minute call to Japan versus $11.65; $2.90 for ten minutes to Ireland versus $9.70; $6.90 to Russia versus $20.63; $1.90 to London versus $8.38. Save big to Canada, too.

To start using CTS, just preface your interstate and international calls with 10834. To call the White House, you’d dial 10834-1-202-456-1414. To dial the Kremlin you’d dial 10834-011-7095-KRE-MLIN (or whatever — when I tried that number I reached a woman who was none too pleased). When your next regular phone bill comes, expect to see a $4.95 CTS access charge plus toll calls for any month you use the service.

Or give Doug a call and let him make a recommendation.

Tomorrow: Airline Savings